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The primary purpose of a sump pump is to remove water from beneath a building to prevent flooding. Sump pumps are typically installed in the lowest areas of a home, such as basements or crawl spaces, where excess groundwater can accumulate. By actively pumping out water that collects in a sump basin, these pumps help to protect the structural integrity of the building and prevent moisture-related issues such as mold growth, wood rot, and damage to electrical systems. This function is particularly critical in areas prone to heavy rainfall or flooding.

Other options relate to different functions that are not relevant to the primary role of a sump pump. For instance, cooling a building's foundation, heating water, or supplying water to irrigation systems do not align with the specific function that sump pumps serve in managing water accumulation and safeguarding buildings.